Quiz #3 – Introduction to Language (Spring 2023)

Based on chapter 6 in Language Files. Please review this chapter, as well as the relevant videos on this class website, and submit your answers by 11:59pm on Friday, March 17th.

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1. In your own words, what's the difference between sense and reference?*

2. If it is true that "all lions are mammals," but not true that "all mammals are lions," which of the following is true?*

“lion” and “mammal” are antonyms.

“mammal” is a hyponym of “lion.”

“lion” is a hyponym of “mammal.”

“lion” and “mammal” are antonyms.

3. Write your own sense for the word "door." Try to come up with a sense that will accurately apply to all doors, and nothing but doors. (In other words, it should encompass doors in houses as well as cars, but not include windows, archways, or gates.) Do not use a dictionary definition. If you just Google "door," paste that definition, and maybe tweak a few words, you will get a 0 for this question.*

4. What correctly identifies the relationship between sentences (a) and (b) below?*

(a) The narwhal is a real animal. (b) Narwhals exist.

a & b are incompatible

a entails b

b entails a

a & b mutually entail one another

5. Other than "unicorn" and "Queen of the United States," discussed in the text (and in the video on Meaning), can you come up with two other expressions that have a sense but no referents?*

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